Interesting facts about elephants
"Elephant" is derived from the Greek word "elephas," which means "ivory."
The African bush elephant, African forest elephant, and Asian elephant are the three species now recognized.
The African forest elephant was formerly thought to be a subspecies of the African bush elephant, but fresh study has revealed that they are a distinct species.
Elephants may be found in a variety of environments in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, including savannas, forests, deserts, and marshes.
They have long lives, living to be 60–70 years old.
Thick skin, ivory tusks, massive pillar-like legs, large flapping ears, and a proboscis, or flexible trunk, that is a fusion of the nose and top lip, are all characteristics of elephants.
The trunk is the most visible portion of an elephant. It has up to 150,000 distinct muscular fascicles, no bone, and very little fat. Elephants use their trunks in the same way that humans do: to grip, hold, pick up, reach, touch, pull, push, and throw objects. With their trunks, they can lift up to 350 kg (770 lb).
Elephants typically have 26 teeth: 12 deciduous premolars, 12 molars, and 12 incisors, sometimes known as tusks. At 6–12 months of age, the tusks replace deciduous milk teeth and continue to grow at a rate of about 17 cm (7 in) every year; they never stop growing!
The form of their ears can tell you whether it's an African or Asian species. Two African species have huge ears that resemble the continent of Africa, whereas Asian species have smaller ears that resemble the continent of India.
Elephants have the largest brain of any terrestrial animal, with three times the number of neurons that humans have. An elephant's brain weighs 4.5–5.5 kg (10–12 lb), whereas a human brain weighs 1.6 kg (4 lb). While the elephant brain is larger in size overall, it is smaller in proportion.
In 1956, the world's largest elephant was shot in Angola. This male African elephant weighed around 11,000 kilograms (24,000 lb) and stood 3.96 meters (13 ft) tall at the shoulder, a meter taller than the usual male African elephant.
Dakshayani [photo below], an Asian elephant, died in Kerala, India, in 2019 at the age of 88.
Because he is the only known specimen of a hybrid between the African and Asian elephants, Motty, a male calf born at Chester Zoo, England, on July 11, 1978, is the rarest elephant on record. Interspecific elephant hybrids were thought to be impossible until Motty's birth, and none have been discovered subsequently.
Elephants have strong familial bonds in the wild. People find it difficult to comprehend how they interact with other elephants. They communicate with each other by making very low sounds. The majority of elephants' sounds are so low that no one can hear them. Elephants, on the other hand, can hear these sounds from up to 8 kilometers (5 miles).
Elephants live in a matriarchal society, with a head cow presiding over her herd of female elephants. Mothers, daughters, sisters, and aunts make up each herd. They are led by the herd's eldest and largest female. This herd stays close together, rejoicing when a calf is born and sorrow when a member dies.
The male, on the other hand, lives outside of the matriarchal herd and wanders alone or in a bachelor pod with other males.
Elephant ladies can have children until they reach the age of 50. Every two and a half to four years, they have a new baby. They normally only have one child; twins are extremely uncommon.
Female elephants have the longest gestation period of any mammal. They've been expecting for 22 months.
The newborn elephant stands 85 centimeters (33 inches) tall and weighs 120 kilograms (260 lb). It will be able to stand up soon after birth. The baby drinks its mother's milk with its mouth, thus it doesn't need a lengthy trunk to eat. Calves stay close to Mom and suckle regularly; in their first year, they gain an average of 1 to 1.3 kg (2 to 3 lb) every day! Herd mates have a tendency to stick together.
Grass, tiny plants, bushes, fruit, twigs, tree bark, and roots are all consumed by elephants. Every day, they spend between 12 and 18 hours eating.
An adult elephant may eat up to 300 kilograms (660 pounds) of food per day and drink up to 190 liters (50 gallons) of water.
Elephants sleep for only 2 hours per night on average, making them the shortest-known snoozers of any mammal.
In the animal kingdom, they have the best sense of smell. Water may be smelled by an elephant from a distance of roughly 20 kilometers (12 miles).
Elephants enjoy being near water. They enjoy swimming and diving into the water, as well as fighting the waves. The buoyancy they acquire from the water also offers their joints a break.
Elephants can sense rain storms from a distance of up to 240 kilometers, according to a team of researchers in Namibia (150 miles). The researchers describe how they observed both elephants and rain over the course of several years and discovered that elephants were definitely able to identify rain events from considerable distances and travel towards them in their work published in the journal PLOS ONE.
Elephants can experience human-like emotions such as grief, loss, and even tears. Even many years after their deaths, they remember and mourn their loved ones. When Lawrence Anthony, the "Elephant Whisperer," died, a herd of elephants arrived at his home to mourn him.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature has classified African elephants as vulnerable and Asian elephants as endangered (IUCN).
Elephant numbers are threatened by the ivory trade, as the animals are poached for their ivory tusks. Habitat destruction and disputes with local people are two more risks to wild elephants.
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